Making up for fast and performing Hajj on behalf of the dead

Q 3: Is it permissible to fast, offer Salah (Prayer), or perform Hajj on behalf of dead people?

A: Whoever dies without performing the obligatory Hajj, a sum of their estate should be paid for a person to perform Hajj on their behalf, as Hajj is like a debt owed to Allah and should be paid off. However, whoever died and left no estate and a relative or a Muslim brother performed Hajj on their behalf on the condition that they have already performed Hajj for themselves first, it will benefit the dead and absolve them of the obligation. Similarly, if a person died without fulfilling an obligatory days of fast, (Part No. 10; Page No. 64) like the fast of Ramadan or vows and another person makes up for their missed Sawm, it will absolve them of the obligation. This is based on the Hadiths reported with regard to performing Hajj and making up for missed days of fast on behalf of dead people. It was narrated on the authority of Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) that he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) heard a man saying: "O Allah! Here I am in response to Your call on behalf of Shubrumah. The Prophet (peace be upon him) asked him: "Who is Shubrumah?" He replied: "A brother or a relative." Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) asked: "Have you performed your own Hajj?" He replied: "No." Whereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) told him: "You must perform Hajj on your own behalf first, and then on behalf of Shubrumah." (Related by Abu Dawud and others) It was also narrated on the authority of `Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that she said: "The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: If anyone dies in a state (that he had to complete) some days of fast, his heir must fast on his behalf. (Related by Al-Bukhari, Muslim, and others) If there is no one to make up for their Sawm, half a Sa` (1 Sa`=3 kg. Approx.) of the staple food of the country should be given from their estate to feed a poor person for each missed day. With regard to Salah, one is not to make up for obligatory or supererogatory Salah on behalf of a dead person, as there is no evidence to support this.May Allah grant us success. May peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Companions.