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የተጠው’ዉዕ ሰደቃ

6905

      በፈቃደኝነት የሚሰጥ ምጽዋት ትርጓሜ

ተጠው’ዉዕ

ከግዴታ ውጭ ለአላህ ሲሉና ወደርሱ መቃረቢያ ይሆን ዘንድ በፈቃደኘነት የሚለገስ ሰደቃ ነው፡፡

    በዚህ ትርጓሜ መሰረት ለወዳጅነትና ለፍቅር ተብሎ የሚሰጠው ስጦታና ገጸ በረከትን የመሳሰሉት ከዚህ ውጭ ሲሆኑ፣እነዚህ አንዳንድ ሸሪዓዊ ድንጋጌዎችን ከሚመለከተው የሰደቃ መጠሪያ ውስጥ አይጠቃለሉም፡፡

    የተጠው’ዉዕ ሰደቃን የሚመለከት ድንጋጌ

    የበጎ ፈቃድ ሰደቃ በሁሉም ጊዜያትና በተለይ ደግሞ በችግር ጊዚ የተወደደ (ሙስተሐብ) ነው፡፡ በአላህ መጸሐፍና በመልእክተኛው ﷺ ሱንና ውስጥ የተጠው’ዉዕ ሰደቃ ተበረታቷል፡ ከነዚህም የሚከተሉትን እናገኛለን፡፡

    - አላህ እንዲህ ብሏል፡- ‹‹ያ ለአላህ መልካም ብድርን የሚያበድርና ለርሱ (አላህ) ብዙ እጥፎች አድርጎ የሚያነባብርለት ማነው ? ›› [አል-በቀራህ፡245]

    - ከአቡ ሁረይራ (ረዐ) በተላለፈው መሰረት የአላህ መልእክተኛ ﷺ ‹‹ከጥሩ ሥራ የተገኘ - አላህ መልካሙን እንጂ አይቀበልምና - አንዲት የተምር ፍሬ ያህል ምጽዋት የሰጠን ሰው አላህ በቀኝ እጁ ይቀበለዋል፤ከዚያም አንዳችሁ የፈረሱን ግልገል ተንከባክቦ እንደሚያሰድገው ሁሉ (የተምር ፍሬ ምንዳው) ተራራን እስኪያክል ድረስ ያሳድገዋል፡፡›› [በቡኻሪና ሙስሊም የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    - ነቢዩ ﷺ በለገሰው ምጽዋት የሚደሰተውን ሰው፣ጥላ በሌለበት የቅያማ ቀን አላህ በጥላው ሥር ከሚጠለሉ ሰባት ሰዎች መካከል አንዱ አድርገው ሲቆጥሩ ‹‹በቀኙ የለገሰውን ግራው እንዳያውቅ እስከ ማድረግ ድረስ ምጽዋት ደብቆ የሰጠ ሰው፣. . ›› [በቡኻሪና ሙስሊም የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    - ከዕብ ብን ዑጀር (ረዐ) ባስተላለፉት መሰረት ነቢዩ ﷺ ‹‹ውሃ እሳትን እንደሚያጠፋ ሁሉ ሰደቃ ኃጢአትን ያጠፋል፡፡›› [በትርምዚ የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    የተጠው’ዉዕ ሰደቃን የሚመለከቱ ደንቦች (ኣዳብ)

    1 - ግዴታ የሆኑ ደንቦች (ኣዳብ)

    ሀ) ልቦናን ለአላህ ፍጹም በማድረግ (በእኽላስ)፣ለታይታና ለዝና ፍላጋ ሳይሆን የአላህን ፊት በማሰብ መመጽወት፡፡

    ለ) ከመመጻደቅና ከማስከፋት መራቅ፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏልና ፡- ‹‹እላንተ ያመናችሁ ሆይ! . . ምጽዋቶቻችሁን በመመጣደቅና በማስከፋት አታበላሹ፤›› [አል-ተውባህ፡264]

    2 - የተወደዱ ደንቦች (ኣዳብ)

    ሀ) አንድ ሙስሊም ምጽዋቱን ከዘመዶቹ ውስጥ ችግረኛ ለሆኑትና የቀለባቸው ግዴታ ለማይመለከተው እንደ ሁለቱም ወገን አጎቶች፣ሀብታም ሚስት ለድሃ ባሏ ለመሳሰሉት መስጠት ለሌሎች ከመስጠት በላጭ ነው፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏልና ፡- ‹‹የዝምድና ባለቤት የኾነን የቲም፤›› [አል-በለድ፡15]

    ነቢዩም ﷺ ፡- ‹‹ለምሰኪን የሚሰጥ ሰደቃ ብቻ ነው፣ለዝምድና ባለቤት ሲሰጥ ግን ሁለት ነገር ነው ፡- ሰደቃና ዝምድናን መቀጠል (ስለቱር’ረሒም) ነው፡፡›› [በነሳኢ የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    ለ) ከገንዘቡ ውስጥ ሐላል የሆነውን፣በጣም ጥሩውንና ነፍሱ በጣም ምትወደውን መርጦ መስጠት፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏልና ፡- ‹‹የምትወዱትን እስከምትለግሱ ድረስ በጎን ሥራ (ዋጋውን) አታገኙም፤›› [ኣል-ዒምራን፡92]

    ሐ) ሲለግስ በሚስጥር ማድረግ፡፡ በድብቅ መለገስ ለልብ ፍጹምነት ይበልጥ የቀረበ፣ከጉራና ከዝና ፍለጋ ይበልጥ የራቀና የድኻውን ክብርና ስነ ልቦና ለማክበር በጣም የቀረበ ነው፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏልና ፡- ‹‹ምጽዋቶችን ብትገልጹ እርሷ ምንኛ መልካም ናት፤ብትደብቋትና ለድኾች ብትሰጧትም እርሱ ለናንተ በላጭ ነው፡፡›› [አል-በቀራህ፡271]

    ሰደቃውን በግልጽ መስጠት በለጋሽነት አርአያ ለመሆን፣ተሳታፊዎችን ለማበረታታትና ለመሳሰለው ዓላማ ጠቃሚ ከሆነ በግልጽ መስጠት የተወደደ ይሆናል፡፡ በዚህ ጊዜ ሙስሊሙ ስለ እውነተኛ ንይያውና ስለ ዓላማው እውነተኛነት ነቃ ብሎ የገዛ ራሱን መከታተል ይገባዋል፡፡

    መ) ትንሽ ነገርም ቢሆን የሚችሉትን ያህል መለገስ፡፡ ነቢዩም ﷺ ፡- ‹‹በግማሽ የተምር ፍሬ (ልገሳ) ቢሆን እንኳ እሳትን ፍሩ፣ተጠበቁ፡፡›› [በቡኻሪ የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    የበጎ ፈቃድ ምጽዋት ጥቅሞች

    አንደኛ - ለግለሰብ የሚሰጣቸው ጥቅሞች

    1 - ነፍስን ማጥራቱ፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏል ፡- ‹‹ከገንዘቦቻቸው ስትሆን በርሷ የምታጠራቸው እና የምታፋፋቸው የሆነችን ምጽዋት ያዝ፤›› [አል-ተውባህ፡103]

    2 - የታላቁ መሪያችንን የሙሐመድንﷺ አርአያ መከተል፡፡ ቸርነትና ለጋሽነት ከባህሪያቸው አንዱ ሲሆን፣ድህነትን ጭራሽ የማይፈራ ሰው አለጋገስ ነበር የሚለግሱት፡፡ ለቢላል ፡- ‹‹ቢላል ሆይ! ለግስ ከዐርሹ ባለቤት (ከአላህ) ድህነትን አትፍራ፡፡›› [በአልበዛር የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡

    3 - አላህ ከሀብቱ የለገሰውን ሰው መተኪያ ይሰጠዋል፡፡ መንፈሱም ይመጥቃል፡፡ ይህን በማስመልከት አላህ U እንዲህ ብሏል ፡- ‹‹ከማንኛውም ነገር የምትለግሱትን እርሱ ይተካዋል፤እርሱም ከሲሳይ ሰጭዎች ሁሉ በላጭ ነው፣›› [ሰበእ፡39]

    4 - ገንዘብን ከግዥና ሽያጭ ክፉ ቃላት ማጥራቱ፡፡ ከቀይስ ብን አቢ ገረዛ (ረዐ) ባስተላለፉት መሰረት በአላህ መልእክተኛ ﷺ ዘመን ደላሎች ተብለን እንጠራ የነበረ ሲሆን የአላህ መልእክተኛ ﷺበአጠገባችን አለፉና ከዚያ በተሻለ ስያሜ ሰይመውን ‹‹እናንተ ነጋዴ ወገኖች ሆይ! የመሸጥ ሥራ አልባሌ ንግግርና መሀላ ይመጣበታልና በሰደቃ በርዙት፡፡›› [በአቡ ዳዉድ የተዘገበ] አሉን ብለዋል፡፡

    5 - ሰናይ ተግባራትን ማስገኘትና ኃጢአቶችን ማበስ፡፡ ነቢዩ ﷺ ፡- ‹‹ከጥሩ ሥራ የተገኘችን - አላህ መልካሙን እንጂ አይቀበልምና - አንዲት የተምር ፍሬ ያህል ምጽዋት የሰጠን ሰው አላህ በቀኝ እጁ ይቀበለዋል፤ከዚያም አንዳችሁ የፈረሱን ግልገል ተንከባክቦ እንደሚያሳድገው ሁሉ (የተምር ፍሬ ምንዳው) ተራራን እስኪያክል ድረስ ያሳድገዋል፡፡›› [በቡኻሪና ሙስሊም የተዘገበ] ብለዋልና፡፡

    6 - አንድ ሙስሊም ከሞተ በኋላ ፍሰቱ በማያቋርጥ ሰደቃ (ሰደቀቱን ጃሪያህ) የሚጠቀም መሆኑ፡ ከአቡ ሁረየራ (ረዐ) በተላለፈው መሰረት የአላህ መልእክተኛ ﷺ ፡- ‹‹አንድ ሰው ሲሞት ከሦስት ነገሮች በስተቀር ሥራው (ምንዳው) ይቋረጣል፡፡ (እነሱም) ፡- ፍሰቱ ቀጣይ የሆነ ሰደቃ፣ወይም ሌሎች የሚጠቀሙበት ዕልም (ዕውቀት)፣ወይም (የምሕረት) ዱዓእ የሚያደርግለት መልካም ልጅ ናቸው፡፡›› [በሙስሊም የተዘገበ] ብለዋል፡፡፡

    7 - ልገሳ ከተግባራዊ ምስጋና መገለጫዎች አንዱ በመሆኑና ለአመስጋኝ እንደሚጨመርለት ቃል የተገባለት በመሆኑ፣ሰደቃ ሀብት እንዲጨምርና እንዲፋፋ ምክንያት ነው፡፡ አላህ እንዲህ ብሏል ፡- ‹‹ጌታችሁም ፡- ብታመሰግኑ በእርግጥ እጨምርላችኋለሁ፣ብትክዱም (እቀጣችኋለሁ)፤ቅጣቴ በእርግጥ ብርቱ ነውና በማለት ባስታወቀ ጊዜ፣(አስታውስ) ፡፡›› [-ኢብራሂም፡7]

    ሁለተኛ - ለሕብረተሰቡ የሚሰጣቸው ጥቅሞች

    1- የተጠው'ዉዕ ሰደቃ ለሕብረተሰቡ ከሚሰጠው ጥቅም አንጻር የዘካት ተልእኮ ማሟያ ነው፡፡

    2- በሙስሊሙ ሕብረተሰብ ውስጥ ትብብርን፣ተራድኦን፣ፍቅርና መተሳሰብን ያሰፍናል፡፡